PatchSiren cyber security CVE debrief

CVE-2026-49495 nationalsecurityagency CVE debrief

CVE-2026-49495 is a MEDIUM severity vulnerability in Ghidra 10.2 before 12.1. The vulnerability is caused by an uncontrolled resource consumption issue in ExportTrie.parseTrie() that lacks cycle detection when traversing Mach-O binary export tries. A crafted Mach-O binary with circular references in the export trie causes unbounded queue growth and exponential string concatenation, triggering OutOfMemoryError that crashes the entire JVM and loses all unsaved work.

Vendor: nationalsecurityagency
Product: ghidra
CVSS: MEDIUM 6.7
CISA KEV: Not listed in stored evidence
Original CVE published: 2026-06-10
Original CVE updated: 2026-07-14
Advisory published: 2026-06-10
Advisory updated: 2026-07-14

Who should care

Users of Ghidra 10.2 before 12.1 should be aware of this vulnerability and take steps to mitigate it.

Technical summary

The vulnerability is caused by an uncontrolled resource consumption issue in ExportTrie.parseTrie() that lacks cycle detection when traversing Mach-O binary export tries. A crafted Mach-O binary with circular references in the export trie causes unbounded queue growth and exponential string concatenation, triggering OutOfMemoryError that crashes the entire JVM and loses all unsaved work.

Defensive priority

MEDIUM

Recommended defensive actions

Upgrade to Ghidra 12.1 or later.
Avoid processing untrusted Mach-O binaries with Ghidra 10.2 before 12.1.

Evidence notes

The CVE-2026-49495 vulnerability was published on [cve-org](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-49495) and has a CVSS score of 6.7. The vulnerability is tracked on [nvd](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49495).

Sources and references

Verified primary and authoritative sources

CVE-2026-49495 CVE Program record
Publisher, destination, and source semantics verified

URL: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-49495

CVE Program - Official CVE Program record with source-provided CVE metadata.
CVE-2026-49495 NVD vulnerability detail
Publisher, destination, and source semantics verified

URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49495

NIST National Vulnerability Database - Official NIST NVD detail page and source-specific vulnerability assessment.

Supplemental references

Mitigation or vendor reference
Unverified legacy reference

URL: https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/security/advisories/GHSA-wm33-9f68-3vjg

[email protected] - Exploit, Vendor Advisory, Mitigation
Mitigation or vendor reference
Unverified legacy reference

URL: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ghidra-denial-of-service-via-circular-reference-in-mach-o-export-trie-parser

[email protected] - Third Party Advisory

Methodology and review provenance

AI-assisted synthesis based on stored public vulnerability evidence. System validation, approval state, and publication status do not by themselves establish human review of this revision. PatchSiren helps prioritize defensive review and does not prove exposure or remediation on any system.