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PatchSiren cyber security CVE debrief

CVE-2016-5013 Moodle CVE debrief

CVE-2016-5013 describes a text injection flaw in Moodle email header handling that could be abused to influence outbound email content and potentially cause spam to be sent from a vulnerable site. NVD rates the issue as medium severity, with network exposure but requiring user interaction. The practical risk is most relevant for organizations that rely on Moodle-generated mail and want to protect sender reputation and message integrity.

Vendor
Moodle
Product
Unknown
CVSS
MEDIUM 5.4
CISA KEV
Not listed in stored evidence
Original CVE published
2017-01-20
Original CVE updated
2026-05-13
Advisory published
2017-01-20
Advisory updated
2026-05-13

Who should care

Moodle administrators, hosted-learning platform operators, security teams, and mail/system administrators who manage outbound email from Moodle instances.

Technical summary

NVD classifies the weakness as CWE-74 (improper neutralization of special elements in output used by a downstream component). The published CVSS v3.0 vector is AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N, indicating a remotely reachable issue with low complexity and no privileges, but one that depends on user interaction. The NVD record marks a broad set of Moodle releases as vulnerable, including 2.7.14 and multiple 2.8.x, 2.9.x, 3.0.x, and 3.1.0 entries. The expected impact is limited to confidentiality/integrity at a low level, with no direct availability impact recorded.

Defensive priority

Medium. The issue is not a high-severity takeover or code execution flaw, but it can affect outbound mail trust, cause spam abuse, and create reputational or operational noise for affected Moodle deployments.

Recommended defensive actions

  • Check whether your Moodle deployment falls within the affected ranges listed by NVD for CVE-2016-5013.
  • Apply the vendor mitigation or patch guidance referenced by Moodle.
  • Review any custom plugins, themes, or integrations that pass user-controlled data into outbound email headers.
  • Monitor outbound mail logs for suspicious header content, abnormal message volume, or unexpected recipients.
  • Confirm that your mail-sending path performs header sanitation and rejects newline/header injection characters.
  • Retest after remediation to verify that Moodle-generated emails no longer accept injected header content.

Evidence notes

This debrief is based on the official NVD CVE record and linked references only. The NVD entry marks the vulnerability as Modified and provides CVSS v3.0 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N, CWE-74, and affected Moodle version criteria. The record also links to the Moodle vendor advisory/mitigation discussion and a SecurityFocus BID entry. No KEV listing or ransomware-campaign association is present in the supplied corpus.

Sources and references

Verified primary and authoritative sources

  • CVE-2016-5013 CVE Program record

    Publisher, destination, and source semantics verified

    URL: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-5013

    CVE Program - Official CVE Program record with source-provided CVE metadata.

  • CVE-2016-5013 NVD vulnerability detail

    Publisher, destination, and source semantics verified

    URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5013

    NIST National Vulnerability Database - Official NIST NVD detail page and source-specific vulnerability assessment.

Methodology and review provenance

AI-assisted synthesis based on stored public vulnerability evidence. System validation, approval state, and publication status do not by themselves establish human review of this revision. PatchSiren helps prioritize defensive review and does not prove exposure or remediation on any system.