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PatchSiren cyber security CVE debrief

CVE-2026-40412 Microsoft CVE debrief

A critical unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability exists in Azure Orbital Spatio due to unrestricted file upload of dangerous types (CWE-434). The vulnerability carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 10.0 (Critical), indicating maximum severity with network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction, and scope change affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability was published to the CVE Program on May 22, 2026, and last modified on May 26, 2026. As of the modified date, the NVD entry status remains 'Undergoing Analysis.' Microsoft has acknowledged this vulnerability through their Security Response Center. No known exploitation in ransomware campaigns has been documented, and the vulnerability has not been added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

Vendor
Microsoft
Product
Azure Orbital Spatio
CVSS
CRITICAL 10
CISA KEV
Not listed in stored evidence
Original CVE published
2026-05-22
Original CVE updated
2026-07-23
Advisory published
2026-05-22
Advisory updated
2026-07-23

Who should care

Organizations operating Azure Orbital Spatio services, cloud security teams managing Microsoft Azure deployments, and security operations centers monitoring for critical unauthenticated RCE vulnerabilities in cloud infrastructure components.

Technical summary

The vulnerability stems from improper restriction of file uploads with dangerous types (CWE-434) in Azure Orbital Spatio. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this weakness over a network to achieve arbitrary code execution. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) indicates the vulnerability is exploitable from the network without authentication, can affect resources beyond the vulnerable component (scope change), and results in complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Defensive priority

critical

Recommended defensive actions

  • Apply security updates from Microsoft MSRC as soon as available
  • Review Azure Orbital Spatio deployments for unauthorized file upload functionality
  • Implement network segmentation to restrict access to Azure Orbital Spatio management interfaces
  • Enable comprehensive logging for file upload operations in affected services
  • Monitor for anomalous file upload patterns and unexpected process execution
  • Validate file type restrictions and content inspection controls for all upload endpoints

Evidence notes

Vulnerability description sourced from official CVE record and NVD entry. CVSS vector confirms network-accessible unauthenticated RCE with scope change. Microsoft MSRC reference confirms vendor acknowledgment. Vendor attribution to Microsoft derived from reference domain candidate with low confidence flag; 'Unknown Vendor' designation in source requires review.

Sources and references

Verified primary and authoritative sources

  • CVE-2026-40412 CVE Program record

    Publisher, destination, and source semantics verified

    URL: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-40412

    CVE Program - Official CVE Program record with source-provided CVE metadata.

  • CVE-2026-40412 NVD vulnerability detail

    Publisher, destination, and source semantics verified

    URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40412

    NIST National Vulnerability Database - Official NIST NVD detail page and source-specific vulnerability assessment.

Supplemental references

Methodology and review provenance

AI-assisted synthesis based on stored public vulnerability evidence. System validation, approval state, and publication status do not by themselves establish human review of this revision. PatchSiren helps prioritize defensive review and does not prove exposure or remediation on any system.