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PatchSiren cyber security CVE debrief

CVE-2025-66589 AzeoTech CVE debrief

AzeoTech DAQFactory release 20.7 (Build 2555) contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that can be exploited to cause the program to read data past the end of an allocated buffer. This could allow an attacker to disclose information or cause a system crash. The vulnerability was published by CISA on December 11, 2025, and subsequently modified on January 12, 2026. AzeoTech has released DAQFactory Release 21.1 to address this issue.

Vendor
AzeoTech
Product
DAQFactory
CVSS
HIGH 8.4
CISA KEV
Not listed in stored evidence
Original CVE published
2025-12-11
Original CVE updated
2026-10-07
Advisory published
2025-12-11
Advisory updated
2026-10-07

Who should care

Organizations using AzeoTech DAQFactory for industrial control and data acquisition applications should prioritize this update. System administrators, OT security teams, and engineers responsible for HMI/SCADA deployments should assess their exposure and apply the vendor fix. Given the local attack vector and user interaction requirement, organizations should also implement the recommended access controls and safe operational practices to reduce attack surface.

Technical summary

CVE-2025-66589 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in AzeoTech DAQFactory release 20.7 (Build 2555). The vulnerability can be triggered when processing malformed input, causing the application to read beyond allocated buffer boundaries. This memory safety defect may result in information disclosure from process memory or cause the application to crash. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) indicates a local attack vector requiring user interaction but no privileges, with high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability is classified as HIGH severity with a base score of 7.8. AzeoTech has addressed this issue in DAQFactory Release 21.1.

Defensive priority

HIGH

Recommended defensive actions

  • Upgrade to DAQFactory Release 21.1 to address the out-of-bounds read vulnerability
  • Avoid opening documents from unknown or untrusted sources
  • Store .ctl files in directories with admin-only write permissions
  • Use 'Safe Mode' when loading documents that have been outside organizational control
  • Apply document editing passwords to protect .ctl files
  • Review CISA ICS recommended practices for additional defensive guidance

Evidence notes

The vulnerability description and remediation information are derived from CISA CSAF advisory ICSA-25-345-03. The CVSS 3.1 score of 7.8 (HIGH) indicates local attack vector with low attack complexity, no privileges required, but user interaction required. The vulnerability allows for high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Sources and references

Verified primary and authoritative sources

  • CVE-2025-66589 CVE Program record

    Publisher, destination, and source semantics verified

    URL: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66589

    CVE Program - Official CVE Program record with source-provided CVE metadata.

  • CVE-2025-66589 NVD vulnerability detail

    Publisher, destination, and source semantics verified

    URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66589

    NIST National Vulnerability Database - Official NIST NVD detail page and source-specific vulnerability assessment.

Supplemental references

  • Source item URL

    Unverified legacy reference

    URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-345-03.json

    cisa_csaf

  • Source reference

    Unverified legacy reference

    URL: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-345-03

    Reference

  • Source reference

    Unverified legacy reference

    URL: https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-10-301-01

    Reference

  • Source reference

    Unverified legacy reference

    URL: https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices

    Reference

  • Source reference

    Unverified legacy reference

    URL: https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf

    Reference

  • Source reference

    Unverified legacy reference

    URL: https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems

    Reference

  • Source reference

    Unverified legacy reference

    URL: https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/sites/default/files/publications/emailscams0905.pdf

    Reference

  • Source reference

    Unverified legacy reference

    URL: https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/tips/ST04-014

    Reference

Methodology and review provenance

AI-assisted synthesis based on stored public vulnerability evidence. System validation, approval state, and publication status do not by themselves establish human review of this revision. PatchSiren helps prioritize defensive review and does not prove exposure or remediation on any system.